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            <gco:CharacterString>Potential cumulative impacts of eutrophication and hazardous substances HOLAS 3</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gco:CharacterString>Potential cumulative impacts of eutrophication and hazardous substances assesses the cumulative potential effect of eutrophication and hazardous substances over all ecosystem components. The evaluation is based on the pressure layer on eutrophication and hazardous substances, combined with information on all ecosystem components (57 layers) included in SPIA for HOLAS 3. The thematic analyses is calculated for each assessment unit (1 km2 grid cells) and the data set covers the time period 2016-2021.

Spatial Pressure and Impact Assessment (SPIA) is the framework for assessing spatial and cumulative pressures and impacts in HOLAS 3, and this analyses present a thematic assessment including only a certain subset of layers. The framework also includes results for the Baltic Sea Impact Index (full cumulative impact assessment), Baltic Sea Pressure Index (full cumulative pressure assessment), and other thematic assessments where a subset of pressure and ecosystem layers are used. 

For more info please 
-  visit the HOLAS 3 website (http://stateofthebalticsea.helcom.fi/)
-  download the report thematic assessment of spatial distribution of pressures and impacts 2016-2021 (https://helcom.fi/post_type_publ/holas3_spa)
-  or check out the HELCOM SPIA online tool to make calculations for any desired combination of pressures and ecosystem layers (https://maps.helcom.fi/website/bsii/). 

Please scroll down to "Lineage" for a more detailed description of the methodology.</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gco:CharacterString>The cumulative aspect of this assessment is based on the method created by Halpern et al. (2008), and it's using the sum method where all individual calculations for the pressure - ecosystem combinations are summed to get the final value for the cell. The assessment was carried out using a gridded approach with a resolution of 1 square kilometre.

This assessment uses as input data 
- Eutrophication (https://metadata.helcom.fi/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/38b8dd1c-9dfc-43c5-9336-22a1ea37a6cc)
- Hazardous substances (https://metadata.helcom.fi/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/f84d5c64-4d18-4f85-9226-8812e203b081)
- All 57 ecosystem component layers included in SPIA for HOLAS 3
 
Data source and quality:
See separate metadate records aggregated pressure layers, human activities and ecosystem component layers.

Attribute information:
Index value indicating the combined potential cumulative impact, resulting from the formula used to calculate the index. 

Spatial coverage: Entire Baltic Sea

Spatial resolution: Original data in various formats and resolution, here 1 km x 1 km grid.

The assessment was carried out using the SPIA tool designed by the HELCOM Secretariat in the Pan Baltic Scope project and further developed in the HELCOM MetDev project.</gco:CharacterString>
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