The Baltic Sea Pressure index (BSPI) assesses the potential cumulative pressures in the Baltic Sea. The BSPI is based on georeferenced datasets of human activities (28 datasets), pressures (17 datasets) and uses the average sensitivity of each pressure layer to all ecosystems to weigth the pressure. Cumulative pressures are calculated for each assessment unit (1 km2 grid cells) and the data set covers the time period 2016-2021.

Spatial Pressure and Impact Assessment (SPIA) is the framework for assessing spatial and cumulative pressures and impacts in HOLAS 3, where the BSPI presents the full cumulative pressure assessment where all pressures are included. The framework also includes results for the Baltic Sea Impact Index (full cumulative impact assessment), and other thematic assessments where a subset of pressure and ecosystem layers are used.

For more info please

- visit the HOLAS 3 website ( http://stateofthebalticsea.helcom.fi/)

- download the report thematic assessment of spatial distribution of pressures and impacts 2016-2021 ( https://helcom.fi/post_type_publ/holas3_spa)

- or check out the HELCOM SPIA online tool to make calculations for any desired combination of pressures and ecosystem layers ( https://maps.helcom.fi/website/bsii/).

Please scroll down to "Lineage" for a more detailed description of the methodology.