HELCOM Metadata catalogue
2018
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This pressure dataset is derived from three human activities datasets - Urban land use (on land) - Recreational boating and sports (updated layer for 2018 version, please see separate http://metadata.helcom.fi/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/8c30e828-1340-4162-b7f9-254586ae32b6) - Bathing sites These data are described in more detail in separate fact sheets. Urban land use data was first converted to 1 km grid cells and expanded with 1 km. Thus, coastal urban areas extended also to the sea. These areas were given value 1 and other sea areas, value 0. Bathing sites (points) were converted to 1km grid and given value 1, rest of the sea areas were given value 0. Normalized recreational boating data was converted to 1 km grid cells. These three layers were summed to produce the layer (values from 0 to 3), after that the layer was normalized. Hunting and recreational fishing data were excluded from human disturbance layer, as they are mostly reported per country and would have resulted in overestimation of the actual pressure.
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This dataset shows the sub-basins of the Baltic Sea which are used for Baltic Sea Pollution Load Compilation 6.
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The extraction of herring data set is based on: 1. http://metadata.helcom.fi/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/a3b67a55-7c1e-469e-b692-58c4e7b79279 for years 2011-2016 reported per ICES statistical rectangles (tonnes / ICES rectangle). Landing values were redistributed within each ICES rectangle by the c-square fishing effort data provided by ICES (all gears, 2011-2013). Tonnes / km² was calculated and the results were converted to 1 km x 1 km grid cells. The layer was log-transformed and normalised to produce the final pressure layer on extraction of herring. Please see "lineage" section below for further details on attributes, data source, data processing, etc.
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The dataset contains total landings of sprat for years 2011-2016 reported per ICES statistical rectangles (tonnes / ICES rectangle) under EU Joint Research Centre’s data collection framework for fisheries data. Russian data extracted from ICES annual reports.
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The extraction of Sprat data set is based on: 1. http://metadata.helcom.fi/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/1fb1bd2d-8dff-493a-9ed3-a278aec8f371 for years 2011-2016 reported per ICES statistical rectangles (tonnes / ICES rectangle). Landing values were redistributed within each ICES rectangle by the c-square fishing effort data provided by ICES (all gears, 2011-2013). Tonnes / km² was calculated and the results were converted to 1 km x 1 km grid cells. The layer was log-transformed and normalised to produce the final pressure layer on extraction of Sprat. Please see "lineage" section below for further details on attributes, data source, data processing, etc.
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The datasets in this collection were compiled to support the Second HELCOM Holistic Assessment of the Ecosystem Health of the Baltic Sea (HOLAS 2). The assessment provides a comprehensive evaluation of the state of the Baltic Sea ecosystem based on data collected during the 2011–2016 assessment period. The datasets cover environmental status, biodiversity, eutrophication, hazardous substances, human activities, pressures, and related ecosystem components used in regional assessments under the ecosystem approach to management. The information contributes to HELCOM's State of the Baltic Sea assessment and supports regional policy implementation, environmental reporting, and marine management across the Baltic Sea region. Avaialble datasets are listed below and can be downloaded as a full package in the link. Biodiversity Availability of deep water habitat, based on occurrence of H2S 2011-2016 HOLAS 2 Baltic Esker islands 1610 2011-2016 HOLAS 2 Boreal Baltic islets and small islands 1620 2011-2016 HOLAS 2 Breeding areas for birds HOLAS 2 Charophyte distribution 2011-2016 HOLAS 2 Circalittoral hard substrate 2016 HOLAS 2 Circalittoral mixed substrate 2016 HOLAS 2 Circalittoral mud 2016 HOLAS 2 Circalittoral sand 2016 HOLAS 2 Coastal lagoons 1150 2011-2016 HOLAS 2 Cod abundance HOLAS 2 Estuaries 1130 2011-2016 HOLAS 2 Fucus distribution 2011-2016 HOLAS 2 Furcellaria lumbricalis distribution 2011-2016 HOLAS 2 Grey seal distribution HOLAS 2 Harbour porpoise distribution HOLAS 2 Harbour seal distribution HOLAS 2 Herring abundance HOLAS 2 Infralittoral hard substrate 2016 HOLAS 2 Infralittoral mixed substrate 2016 HOLAS 2 Infralittoral mud 2016 HOLAS 2 Infralittoral sand 2016 HOLAS 2 Large shallow inlets and bays 1160 2011-2016 HOLAS 2 Mudflats and sandflats 1140 2011-2016 HOLAS 2 Mytilus distribution 2011-2016 HOLAS 2 Productive surface waters Chl-a 2011-2016 HOLAS 2 Reefs 1170 2011-2016 HOLAS 2 Ringed seal distribution HOLAS 2 Sandbanks 1110 2011-2016 HOLAS 2 Sprat abundance HOLAS 2 Submarine structures made by leaking gas 1180 2011-2016 HOLAS 2 Wintering areas for birds HOLAS 2 Zostera marina distribution 2011-2016 HOLAS 2 Indicators and assessments Abundance of coastal fish key functional groups - cyprinids mesopredators 2018 HOLAS 2 Abundance of coastal fish key functional groups - piscivores 2018 HOLAS 2 Abundance of coastal fish key functional groups 2018 data point HOLAS 2 Abundance of coastal fish key functional groups 2018 data polygon HOLAS 2 Abundance of key coastal fish species 2018 data point HOLAS 2 Abundance of key coastal fish species 2018 data polygon HOLAS 2 Abundance of key coastal fish species 2018 HOLAS 2 Abundance of salmon spawners and smolt 2018 data HOLAS 2 Abundance of salmon spawners and smolt 2018 HOLAS 2 Abundance of sea trout spawners and parr 2018 data HOLAS 2 Abundance of sea trout spawners and parr 2018 HOLAS 2 Abundance of waterbirds in the breeding season - benthic feeders 2018 HOLAS 2 Abundance of waterbirds in the breeding season - grazing feeders 2018 HOLAS 2 Abundance of waterbirds in the breeding season - pelagic feeders 2018 HOLAS 2 Abundance of waterbirds in the breeding season - surface feeders 2018 HOLAS 2 Abundance of waterbirds in the breeding season - wading feeders 2018 HOLAS 2 Abundance of waterbirds in the breeding season 2018 data HOLAS 2 Abundance of waterbirds in the breeding season 2018 HOLAS 2 Abundance of waterbirds in the wintering season - benthic feeders 2018 HOLAS 2 Abundance of waterbirds in the wintering season - grazing feeders 2018 HOLAS 2 Abundance of waterbirds in the wintering season - pelagic feeders 2018 HOLAS 2 Abundance of waterbirds in the wintering season - surface feeders 2018 HOLAS 2 Abundance of waterbirds in the wintering season - wading feeders 2018 HOLAS 2 Abundance of waterbirds in the wintering season 2018 data HOLAS 2 Abundance of waterbirds in the wintering season 2018 HOLAS 2 Chlorophyll-a 2018 Cyanobacterial bloom index 2018 Diatom-dinoflagellate ratio 2018 data HOLAS 2 Diatom-dinoflagellate ratio 2018 HOLAS 2 Dissolved inorganic nitrogen 2018 Dissolved inorganic phosphorus 2018 Distribution of Baltic seals - grey seal 2018 data HOLAS 2 Distribution of Baltic seals - grey seal 2018 HOLAS 2 Distribution of Baltic seals - harbour seal 2018 data HOLAS 2 Distribution of Baltic seals - harbour seal 2018 HOLAS 2 Distribution of Baltic seals - ringed seal 2018 HOLAS 2 Eutrophication assessment in-situ data 2018 Hexabromocyclodocecane HBCDD 2018 biota data Hexabromocyclodocecane HBCDD 2018 sediment data Hexabromocyclododecane HBCDD 2018 Integrated biodiversity status assessment - benthic habitats 2018 HOLAS 2 Integrated biodiversity status assessment - fish 2018 Integrated biodiversity status assessment - grey seal 2018 Integrated biodiversity status assessment - harbour seal 2018 Integrated biodiversity status assessment - pelagic habitats 2018 Integrated biodiversity status assessment - ringed seal 2018 Integrated biodiversity status assessment - seals 2018 Integrated contamination status assessment 2018 Integrated eutrophication status assessment 2018 Integrated eutrophication status assessment 2018 - Direct effects Integrated eutrophication status assessment 2018 - Indirect effects Integrated eutrophication status assessment 2018 - Nutrient levels Metals Cadmium 2018 Metals Cadmium 2018 biota data Metals Cadmium 2018 sediment data Metals Cadmium 2018 water data Metals Lead 2018 Metals Lead 2018 biota data Metals Lead 2018 sediment data Metals Lead 2018 water data Metals Mercury 2018 Metals Mercury 2018 biota data Nutritional status of seals 2018 data HOLAS 2 Nutritional status of seals 2018 HOLAS 2 Operational oil spills from ships 2018 Operational oil spills from ships 2018 data Oxygen debt 2018 Perfluorooctane sulphonate PFOS 2018 Perfluorooctane sulphonate PFOS 2018 biota data Perfluorooctane sulphonate PFOS 2018 water data Polyaromatic hydrocarbons PAH and their metabolites 2018 Polyaromatic hydrocarbons PAH and their metabolites 2018 biota data Polyaromatic hydrocarbons PAH and their metabolites 2018 sediment data Polybrominated diphenyl ethers PBDE 2018 Polybrominated diphenyl ethers PBDE 2018 biota data Polybrominated diphenyl ethers PBDE 2018 sediment data Polychlorinated biphenyls PCB and dioxins and furans 2018 Polychlorinated biphenyls PCB and dioxins and furans 2018 biota data Population trends and abundance of seals - Grey seal 2018 data HOLAS 2 Population trends and abundance of seals - Grey seal 2018 HOLAS 2 Population trends and abundance of seals - Harbour seal 2018 data HOLAS 2 Population trends and abundance of seals - Harbour seal 2018 HOLAS 2 Population trends and abundance of seals - Ringed seal 2018 HOLAS 2 Radioactive substances Cesium-137 in fish 2018 data Radioactive substances Cesium-137 in flatfish 2018 Radioactive substances Cesium-137 in herring 2018 Radioactive substances Cesium-137 in seawater 2018 Radioactive substances Cesium-137 in seawater 2018 data Reproductive disorders - malformed embryos of amphipods 2018 Reproductive disorders - malformed embryos of amphipods 2018 data Reproductive status of seals 2018 data HOLAS 2 Reproductive status of seals 2018 HOLAS 2 Seasonal succession of dominating phytoplankton groups 2018 data HOLAS 2 Seasonal succession of dominating phytoplankton groups 2018 HOLAS 2 State of the soft-bottom macrofauna community 2018 data HOLAS 2 State of the soft-bottom macrofauna community 2018 HOLAS 2 TBT and imposex 2018 TBT and imposex 2018 biota data TBT and imposex 2018 sediment data TBT and imposex 2018 water data Total nitrogen 2018 Total phosphorus 2018 Trends in arrival of new non-indigenous species 2018 HOLAS 2 Trends in arrival of new non-indigenous species data 2018 HOLAS 2 Water clarity 2018 White-tailed eagle productivity 2018 Zooplankton mean size and total stock MSTS 2018 data HOLAS 2 Zooplankton mean size and total stock MSTS 2018 HOLAS 2 Pressures Baltic Sea Impact Index BSII Baltic Sea Pressure Index BSPI Bathing sites HOLAS 2 Beach litter on monitored sites plastic pieces/100m Bridges and other constructions HOLAS 2 Changes to hydrological conditions HOLAS 2 Coastal defense HOLAS 2 Deposit of dredged material sites areas 2011-2016 HOLAS 2 Deposit of dredged material sites points 2011-2016 HOLAS 2 Discharge of warm water from nuclear power plants HOLAS 2 Discharges of radioactive substances from NPPs HOLAS 2 Disturbance of species due to human presence HOLAS 2 Dredging areas 2011-2016 HOLAS 2 Dredging points 2011-2016 HOLAS 2 Extraction of fish - Cod extraction landings HOLAS 2 Extraction of fish - Herring extraction landings HOLAS 2 Extraction of fish - Sprat extraction landings HOLAS 2 Extraction of mammals - Seal hunting HOLAS 2 Extraction of sand and gravel 2011-2016 HOLAS 2 Extraction of seabirds - Bird hunting HOLAS 2 Finfish mariculture HOLAS 2 Fish extraction commercial fisheries - cod HOLAS 2 Fish extraction commercial fisheries - herring HOLAS 2 Fish extraction commercial fisheries - sprat HOLAS 2 Fishing intensity 2011-2016 average subsurface swept area ratio Fossil fuel energy production HOLAS 2 Furcellaria harvesting HOLAS 2 Game hunting of seabirds HOLAS 2 Harbours HOLAS 2 Hunting of seals - Grey seal HOLAS 2 Hunting of seals - Harbour seal HOLAS 2 Hunting of seals - Ringed seal HOLAS 2 Hydropower dams HOLAS 2 Illegal oil discharges HOLAS 2 Input of continuous anthropogenic sound HOLAS 2 Input of hazardous substances HOLAS 2 Input of heat HOLAS 2 Input of impulsive anthropogenic sound HOLAS 2 Introduction of non-indigenous species and translocations HOLAS 2 Introduction of radionuclides HOLAS 2 Land claim HOLAS 2 Mussel and scallop dredging Oil and Gas Refineries HOLAS 2 Oil platforms HOLAS 2 Oil slicks and spills HOLAS 2 Oil terminals HOLAS 2 Physical disturbance HOLAS 2 Physical loss HOLAS 2 Polluting ship accidents HOLAS 2 Potential cumulative impacts on benthic habitats Predator control of seabirds HOLAS 2 Recreational fishing Relative distribution of nutrient concentration - Total Nitrogen HOLAS 2 Relative distribution of nutrient concentration - Total Phosphorus HOLAS 2 Shellfish mariculture areas HOLAS 2 Shellfish mariculture points HOLAS 2 Shipping density 2011-2015 HOLAS 2 Urban land use HOLAS 2 Watercourse modification HOLAS 2 Wind farms HOLAS 2
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The map of herring relative abundance is mainly based on Baltic International acoustic surveys (BIAS), years 2011-2016 (ICES WGBIFS reports), reported as millions of herring / ICES rectangle. Also herring landings data were used to complement the data. For ICES rectangles surveyed by BIAS, values shown are the mean values per ICES rectangle based on BIAS data, average for 2011-2016. For ICES rectangles not surveyed by BIAS, values are calculated as: MAX-value x Weighting factor. The weighting factor is specific to each ICES rectangle, calculated as the ratio between the commercial landings in that rectangle and the commercial landings in the ICES rectangle with highest landings (based on averages for 2011-2016). MAX-value = millions of herring according to BIAS in the ICES rectangle with highest landings. ICES rectangles outside the BIAS survey area with no reported herring landings were given the value 0. The relative abundance values in each ICES rectangle were divided by the area of the rectangle to obtain values per 1km2. If the values in small coastal ICES rectangles (outside BIAS area) became unrealistically large due to high herring landings, the value of the neighboring rectangle was given. The final layer was converted to 1 km x 1km grid cells. Values were first log transformed and normalized.
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The extraction of cod pressure layer is based on two datasets: 1. http://metadata.helcom.fi/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/7a1389b3-382a-487f-8888-ac45c94c5a97 for years 2011-2016 reported per ICES statistical rectangles (tonnes / ICES rectangle). 2. http://metadata.helcom.fi/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/debeafcd-948b-4455-88ae-7a3d1618f5a8 from ICES recreational fisheries reports for 2011-2016, reported per country (only coastal areas included). Landing values were redistributed within each ICES rectangle by the c-square fishing effort data provided by ICES (all gears, 2011-2013). Tonnes / km² were calculated for both data sets and the results were converted to 1 km x 1 km grid cells. The layers were summed together, log-transformed and normalised to produce the final pressure layer on extraction of cod. Please see "lineage" section below for further details on attributes, data source, data processing, etc.
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This dataset contains modelled small vessel fuel consumption. This describes the geographical distribution of the fuel used by small boats. The total fuel consumption was modelled in SHEBA project to study emissions from pleasure boats. The model is based on locations and berths in marinas and leisure harbours, AIS information, statistics on fuel sale and extensive survey. For 2018 version the layer is weighted with depth, log-transformed and normalised (please see below). This dataset was also used on HOLAS 3.
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The map of sprat relative abundance is mainly based on Baltic International acoustic surveys (BIAS), years 2011-2016, (ICES WGBIFS reports), reported as millions of sprat per ICES rectangle. The BIAS surveys cover almost the whole area where sprat is commonly encountered. Outside BIAS area, sprat landings data was used to complement the data. For ICES rectangles surveyed by BIAS, values shown are the mean values per ICES rectangle based on BIAS data, average for 2011-2016. For ICES rectangles not surveyed by BIAS, values are calculated as: MAX-value x Weighting factor. The weighting factor is specific to each ICES rectangle, calculated as the ratio between the commercial landings in that rectangle and the commercial landings in the ICES rectangle with highest landings (based on averages for 2011-2015). MAX-value = millions of sprat according to BIAS in the ICES rectangle with highest landings. ICES rectangles outside the BIAS survey area with no reported sprat landings were given the value 0. The abundance values / ICES rectangle were divided by the area of the rectangle to obtain values per 1km2, and then converted to 1 km x 1km grid cells. Values were first log transformed and then normalised.