Extraction of seabirds - Bird hunting (HOLAS 2)

This dataset is built from following Human activities datasets: • http://metadata.helcom.fi/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/81c917ea-492d-48e2-9f00-e1bb7fe3e4fc • http://metadata.helcom.fi/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/4fcd51dd-b8be-4e83-8cad-37c566782e8f The game hunting of seabirds data (see separate metadata): The total number of hunted seabirds were averaged over 2011-2015 (number of hunted seabirds / year). The area of the reporting unit was used to calculate the number of hunted seabirds / km2 and the data was converted to 1km x 1km grid. The predator control of seabirds data (see separate metadata): The total number of hunted cormorants were averaged over 2011-2015 (number of hunted cormorants / year). The area of the reporting unit was used to calculate the number of hunted cormorants / km2 and the data was converted to 1km x 1km grid. The two datasets were first separately log transformed and then summed, to get the total value for each grid cell. Zero values were given to all grid cells with no reported seabird hunting activity. The layer was normalized.

Input of continuous anthropogenic sound (HOLAS 2)

This layer is based on data from the BIAS project representing ambient underwater noise, modelled into a 0.5 km x 0.5 km grid, and representing sound pressure levels at 1/3 octave bands of 125 Hz exceeded at least 5% of the time. Measured and modelled acoustic data is provided as Sound Pressure Level (SPL). The time period for the data is annual values for year 2014. The selected depth interval is 0 m – bottom to represent the ambient underwater noise in the whole water column. The data were normalized setting level 0 at 92 db re 1µPa and level 1 at 127 db re 1µPa.

Deposit of dredged material sites areas 2011-2016

This data set on deposition sites of dredged material (areas) reported by HELCOM Contracting parties according to http://www.helcom.fi/Recommendations/Rec%2036-2.pdf for the reporting period 2011-2016. The dataset contains data reported by nationally by nominated experts by HELCOM PRESSURE group for Denmark, Germany, Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia and Sweden.

HOLAS 2 datasets

The datasets in this collection were compiled to support the Second HELCOM Holistic Assessment of the Ecosystem Health of the Baltic Sea (HOLAS 2). The assessment provides a comprehensive evaluation of the state of the Baltic Sea ecosystem based on data collected during the 2011–2016 assessment period. The datasets cover environmental status, biodiversity, eutrophication, hazardous substances, human activities, pressures, and related ecosystem components used in regional assessments under the ecosystem approach to management. The information contributes to HELCOM's State of the Baltic Sea assessment and supports regional policy implementation, environmental reporting, and marine management across the Baltic Sea region. Avaialble datasets are listed below and can be downloaded as a full package in the link. Biodiversity Availability of deep water habitat, based on occurrence of H2S 2011-2016 HOLAS 2 Baltic Esker islands 1610 2011-2016 HOLAS 2 Boreal Baltic islets and small islands 1620 2011-2016 HOLAS 2 Breeding areas for birds HOLAS 2 Charophyte distribution 2011-2016 HOLAS 2 Circalittoral hard substrate 2016 HOLAS 2 Circalittoral mixed substrate 2016 HOLAS 2 Circalittoral mud 2016 HOLAS 2 Circalittoral sand 2016 HOLAS 2 Coastal lagoons 1150 2011-2016 HOLAS 2 Cod abundance HOLAS 2 Estuaries 1130 2011-2016 HOLAS 2 Fucus distribution 2011-2016 HOLAS 2 Furcellaria lumbricalis distribution 2011-2016 HOLAS 2 Grey seal distribution HOLAS 2 Harbour porpoise distribution HOLAS 2 Harbour seal distribution HOLAS 2 Herring abundance HOLAS 2 Infralittoral hard substrate 2016 HOLAS 2 Infralittoral mixed substrate 2016 HOLAS 2 Infralittoral mud 2016 HOLAS 2 Infralittoral sand 2016 HOLAS 2 Large shallow inlets and bays 1160 2011-2016 HOLAS 2 Mudflats and sandflats 1140 2011-2016 HOLAS 2 Mytilus distribution 2011-2016 HOLAS 2 Productive surface waters Chl-a 2011-2016 HOLAS 2 Reefs 1170 2011-2016 HOLAS 2 Ringed seal distribution HOLAS 2 Sandbanks 1110 2011-2016 HOLAS 2 Sprat abundance HOLAS 2 Submarine structures made by leaking gas 1180 2011-2016 HOLAS 2 Wintering areas for birds HOLAS 2 Zostera marina distribution 2011-2016 HOLAS 2 Indicators and assessments Abundance of coastal fish key functional groups - cyprinids mesopredators 2018 HOLAS 2 Abundance of coastal fish key functional groups - piscivores 2018 HOLAS 2 Abundance of coastal fish key functional groups 2018 data point HOLAS 2 Abundance of coastal fish key functional groups 2018 data polygon HOLAS 2 Abundance of key coastal fish species 2018 data point HOLAS 2 Abundance of key coastal fish species 2018 data polygon HOLAS 2 Abundance of key coastal fish species 2018 HOLAS 2 Abundance of salmon spawners and smolt 2018 data HOLAS 2 Abundance of salmon spawners and smolt 2018 HOLAS 2 Abundance of sea trout spawners and parr 2018 data HOLAS 2 Abundance of sea trout spawners and parr 2018 HOLAS 2 Abundance of waterbirds in the breeding season - benthic feeders 2018 HOLAS 2 Abundance of waterbirds in the breeding season - grazing feeders 2018 HOLAS 2 Abundance of waterbirds in the breeding season - pelagic feeders 2018 HOLAS 2 Abundance of waterbirds in the breeding season - surface feeders 2018 HOLAS 2 Abundance of waterbirds in the breeding season - wading feeders 2018 HOLAS 2 Abundance of waterbirds in the breeding season 2018 data HOLAS 2 Abundance of waterbirds in the breeding season 2018 HOLAS 2 Abundance of waterbirds in the wintering season - benthic feeders 2018 HOLAS 2 Abundance of waterbirds in the wintering season - grazing feeders 2018 HOLAS 2 Abundance of waterbirds in the wintering season - pelagic feeders 2018 HOLAS 2 Abundance of waterbirds in the wintering season - surface feeders 2018 HOLAS 2 Abundance of waterbirds in the wintering season - wading feeders 2018 HOLAS 2 Abundance of waterbirds in the wintering season 2018 data HOLAS 2 Abundance of waterbirds in the wintering season 2018 HOLAS 2 Chlorophyll-a 2018 Cyanobacterial bloom index 2018 Diatom-dinoflagellate ratio 2018 data HOLAS 2 Diatom-dinoflagellate ratio 2018 HOLAS 2 Dissolved inorganic nitrogen 2018 Dissolved inorganic phosphorus 2018 Distribution of Baltic seals - grey seal 2018 data HOLAS 2 Distribution of Baltic seals - grey seal 2018 HOLAS 2 Distribution of Baltic seals - harbour seal 2018 data HOLAS 2 Distribution of Baltic seals - harbour seal 2018 HOLAS 2 Distribution of Baltic seals - ringed seal 2018 HOLAS 2 Eutrophication assessment in-situ data 2018 Hexabromocyclodocecane HBCDD 2018 biota data Hexabromocyclodocecane HBCDD 2018 sediment data Hexabromocyclododecane HBCDD 2018 Integrated biodiversity status assessment - benthic habitats 2018 HOLAS 2 Integrated biodiversity status assessment - fish 2018 Integrated biodiversity status assessment - grey seal 2018 Integrated biodiversity status assessment - harbour seal 2018 Integrated biodiversity status assessment - pelagic habitats 2018 Integrated biodiversity status assessment - ringed seal 2018 Integrated biodiversity status assessment - seals 2018 Integrated contamination status assessment 2018 Integrated eutrophication status assessment 2018 Integrated eutrophication status assessment 2018 - Direct effects Integrated eutrophication status assessment 2018 - Indirect effects Integrated eutrophication status assessment 2018 - Nutrient levels Metals Cadmium 2018 Metals Cadmium 2018 biota data Metals Cadmium 2018 sediment data Metals Cadmium 2018 water data Metals Lead 2018 Metals Lead 2018 biota data Metals Lead 2018 sediment data Metals Lead 2018 water data Metals Mercury 2018 Metals Mercury 2018 biota data Nutritional status of seals 2018 data HOLAS 2 Nutritional status of seals 2018 HOLAS 2 Operational oil spills from ships 2018 Operational oil spills from ships 2018 data Oxygen debt 2018 Perfluorooctane sulphonate PFOS 2018 Perfluorooctane sulphonate PFOS 2018 biota data Perfluorooctane sulphonate PFOS 2018 water data Polyaromatic hydrocarbons PAH and their metabolites 2018 Polyaromatic hydrocarbons PAH and their metabolites 2018 biota data Polyaromatic hydrocarbons PAH and their metabolites 2018 sediment data Polybrominated diphenyl ethers PBDE 2018 Polybrominated diphenyl ethers PBDE 2018 biota data Polybrominated diphenyl ethers PBDE 2018 sediment data Polychlorinated biphenyls PCB and dioxins and furans 2018 Polychlorinated biphenyls PCB and dioxins and furans 2018 biota data Population trends and abundance of seals - Grey seal 2018 data HOLAS 2 Population trends and abundance of seals - Grey seal 2018 HOLAS 2 Population trends and abundance of seals - Harbour seal 2018 data HOLAS 2 Population trends and abundance of seals - Harbour seal 2018 HOLAS 2 Population trends and abundance of seals - Ringed seal 2018 HOLAS 2 Radioactive substances Cesium-137 in fish 2018 data Radioactive substances Cesium-137 in flatfish 2018 Radioactive substances Cesium-137 in herring 2018 Radioactive substances Cesium-137 in seawater 2018 Radioactive substances Cesium-137 in seawater 2018 data Reproductive disorders - malformed embryos of amphipods 2018 Reproductive disorders - malformed embryos of amphipods 2018 data Reproductive status of seals 2018 data HOLAS 2 Reproductive status of seals 2018 HOLAS 2 Seasonal succession of dominating phytoplankton groups 2018 data HOLAS 2 Seasonal succession of dominating phytoplankton groups 2018 HOLAS 2 State of the soft-bottom macrofauna community 2018 data HOLAS 2 State of the soft-bottom macrofauna community 2018 HOLAS 2 TBT and imposex 2018 TBT and imposex 2018 biota data TBT and imposex 2018 sediment data TBT and imposex 2018 water data Total nitrogen 2018 Total phosphorus 2018 Trends in arrival of new non-indigenous species 2018 HOLAS 2 Trends in arrival of new non-indigenous species data 2018 HOLAS 2 Water clarity 2018 White-tailed eagle productivity 2018 Zooplankton mean size and total stock MSTS 2018 data HOLAS 2 Zooplankton mean size and total stock MSTS 2018 HOLAS 2 Pressures Baltic Sea Impact Index BSII Baltic Sea Pressure Index BSPI Bathing sites HOLAS 2 Beach litter on monitored sites plastic pieces/100m Bridges and other constructions HOLAS 2 Changes to hydrological conditions HOLAS 2 Coastal defense HOLAS 2 Deposit of dredged material sites areas 2011-2016 HOLAS 2 Deposit of dredged material sites points 2011-2016 HOLAS 2 Discharge of warm water from nuclear power plants HOLAS 2 Discharges of radioactive substances from NPPs HOLAS 2 Disturbance of species due to human presence HOLAS 2 Dredging areas 2011-2016 HOLAS 2 Dredging points 2011-2016 HOLAS 2 Extraction of fish - Cod extraction landings HOLAS 2 Extraction of fish - Herring extraction landings HOLAS 2 Extraction of fish - Sprat extraction landings HOLAS 2 Extraction of mammals - Seal hunting HOLAS 2 Extraction of sand and gravel 2011-2016 HOLAS 2 Extraction of seabirds - Bird hunting HOLAS 2 Finfish mariculture HOLAS 2 Fish extraction commercial fisheries - cod HOLAS 2 Fish extraction commercial fisheries - herring HOLAS 2 Fish extraction commercial fisheries - sprat HOLAS 2 Fishing intensity 2011-2016 average subsurface swept area ratio Fossil fuel energy production HOLAS 2 Furcellaria harvesting HOLAS 2 Game hunting of seabirds HOLAS 2 Harbours HOLAS 2 Hunting of seals - Grey seal HOLAS 2 Hunting of seals - Harbour seal HOLAS 2 Hunting of seals - Ringed seal HOLAS 2 Hydropower dams HOLAS 2 Illegal oil discharges HOLAS 2 Input of continuous anthropogenic sound HOLAS 2 Input of hazardous substances HOLAS 2 Input of heat HOLAS 2 Input of impulsive anthropogenic sound HOLAS 2 Introduction of non-indigenous species and translocations HOLAS 2 Introduction of radionuclides HOLAS 2 Land claim HOLAS 2 Mussel and scallop dredging Oil and Gas Refineries HOLAS 2 Oil platforms HOLAS 2 Oil slicks and spills HOLAS 2 Oil terminals HOLAS 2 Physical disturbance HOLAS 2 Physical loss HOLAS 2 Polluting ship accidents HOLAS 2 Potential cumulative impacts on benthic habitats Predator control of seabirds HOLAS 2 Recreational fishing Relative distribution of nutrient concentration - Total Nitrogen HOLAS 2 Relative distribution of nutrient concentration - Total Phosphorus HOLAS 2 Shellfish mariculture areas HOLAS 2 Shellfish mariculture points HOLAS 2 Shipping density 2011-2015 HOLAS 2 Urban land use HOLAS 2 Watercourse modification HOLAS 2 Wind farms HOLAS 2

Extraction of fish - Herring extraction (landings) (HOLAS 2)

The extraction of herring data set is based on: 1. http://metadata.helcom.fi/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/a3b67a55-7c1e-469e-b692-58c4e7b79279 for years 2011-2016 reported per ICES statistical rectangles (tonnes / ICES rectangle). Landing values were redistributed within each ICES rectangle by the c-square fishing effort data provided by ICES (all gears, 2011-2013). Tonnes / km² was calculated and the results were converted to 1 km x 1 km grid cells. The layer was log-transformed and normalised to produce the final pressure layer on extraction of herring. Please see "lineage" section below for further details on attributes, data source, data processing, etc.

Extraction of sand and gravel (HOLAS 2)

The dataset contains sand and gravel extraction activity during 2011–2015. The dataset is based on data submission by HELCOM Contacting Parties in response to data request. The dataset is quality assured and contains data from all the Baltic Sea countries. Common extraction sites with information on volume of extraction was included in the dataset. The other extraction sites (building sites, exclusive sites) had only summed data for all the sites, as volumes of extraction in specific sites was classified as confidential information. For these sites the volumes was calculated from reported sum of "other extraction areas". The amount was equally divided between corresponding extraction areas. For some common extraction sites a shared amount was reported.

Relative distribution of nutrient concentration - Total Nitrogen (HOLAS 2)

Concentration of nitrogen pressure layer is interpolated from annual seasonal average of total nitrogen concentrations from surface waters (0-10 m) extracted from ICES’s oceanographic database, database of Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, EEA’s Eionet database and Data from Gulf of Finland year 2014. The points were interpolated to cover the entire Baltic Sea with Spline with barriers interpolation method. Values were log-transformed and normalised (more detailed description below).

Fish extraction commercial fisheries - herring (HOLAS 2)

The dataset contains total landings of herring for years 2011-2016 reported per ICES statistical rectangles (tonnes / ICES rectangle) under EU Joint Research Centre’s data collection framework for fisheries data. Russian data extracted from ICES annual reports.

Disturbance of species due to human presence (HOLAS 2)

This pressure dataset is derived from three human activities datasets - Urban land use (on land) - Recreational boating and sports (updated layer for 2018 version, please see separate http://metadata.helcom.fi/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/8c30e828-1340-4162-b7f9-254586ae32b6) - Bathing sites These data are described in more detail in separate fact sheets. Urban land use data was first converted to 1 km grid cells and expanded with 1 km. Thus, coastal urban areas extended also to the sea. These areas were given value 1 and other sea areas, value 0. Bathing sites (points) were converted to 1km grid and given value 1, rest of the sea areas were given value 0. Normalized recreational boating data was converted to 1 km grid cells. These three layers were summed to produce the layer (values from 0 to 3), after that the layer was normalized. Hunting and recreational fishing data were excluded from human disturbance layer, as they are mostly reported per country and would have resulted in overestimation of the actual pressure.

PLC Subbasins

This dataset shows the sub-basins of the Baltic Sea which are used for Baltic Sea Pollution Load Compilation 6.