The Global Multi-resolution Terrain Elevation Data 2010 (GMTED2010) provides a new level of detail in global topographic data. Previously, the best available global DEM was GTOPO30 with a horizontal grid spacing of 30 arc-seconds. The GMTED2010 product suite contains seven new raster elevation products for each of the 30-, 15-, and 7.5-arc-second spatial resolutions and incorporates the current best available global elevation data. The new elevation products have been produced using the following aggregation methods: minimum elevation, maximum elevation, mean elevation, median elevation, standard deviation of elevation, systematic subsample, and breakline emphasis. Metadata have also been produced to identify the source and attributes of all the input elevation data used to derive the output products. Many of these products will be suitable for various regional continental-scale land cover mapping, extraction of drainage features for hydrologic modeling, and geometric and radiometric correction of medium and coarse resolution satellite image data. The global aggregated vertical accuracy of GMTED2010 can be summarized in terms of the resolution and RMSE of the products with respect to a global set of control points (estimated global accuracy of 6 m RMSE) provided by the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA). At 30 arc-seconds, the GMTED2010 RMSE range is between 25 and 42 meters; at 15 arc-seconds, the RMSE range is between 29 and 32 meters; and at 7.5 arc-seconds, the RMSE range is between 26 and 30 meters. GMTED2010 is a major improvement in consistency and vertical accuracy over GTOPO30, which has a 66 m RMSE globally compared to the same NGA control points. In areas where new sources of higher resolution data were available, the GMTED2010 products are substantially better than the aggregated global statistics; however, large areas still exist, particularly above 60 degrees North latitude, that lack good elevation data. As new data become available, especially in areas that have poor coverage in the current model, it is hoped that new versions of GMTED2010 might be generated and thus gradually improve the global model. This map product is combined by HELCOM for Northen Europe area with 15-arc second resolution and converted to ETRS 1989 LAEA projection. Access constraints: No restrictions, All GMTED2010 data products are publically available. Any acquisition or use of these data signifies a user's agreement to comprehension and compliance of the USGS Standard Disclaimer. Ensure all portions of metadata are read and clearly understood before using these data in order to protect both user and USGS interests. Please refer to http://www.usgs.gov/privacy.html for the USGS disclaimer. Use constraints: Although the USGS is making these data available to others who may find the data of value, USGS does not warrant, endorse, or recommend the use of these data for any given purpose. The user assumes the entire risk related to the use of these data. USGS is providing these data "as is", and USGS disclaims any and all warranties, whether expressed or implied, including (without limitation) any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. In no event will USGS be liable to you or to any third party for any direct, indirect, incidental, consequential, special, or exemplary damages or lost profits resulting from any use or misuse of these data. Acknowledgement of the U.S. Geological Survey would be appreciated in products derived from these data. Any user who modifies the data is obligated to describe the types of modifications they perform. User specifically agrees not to misrepresent the data, nor to imply that changes made were approved or endorsed by the USGS. Suggested citation: Danielson, J.J., and Gesch, D.B., 2011, Global multi-resolution terrain elevation data 2010 (GMTED2010): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011–1073, 26 p. http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1073/

The dataset contains certain depth contours of the Baltic Sea basin. The dataset contains certain depth contours of the Baltic Sea basin. The chosen depths are 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 m (since these are close to the contours shown on Finnish paper charts). These contours are derived from a relatively coarse and averaged grid of depths and so are not to be used in any large scale applications or in navigation.

The data represents the seabed slope of the Baltic Sea and has been derived from a bathymetry dataset. Both datasets have been produced by the BSR INTERREG IIIB project BALANCE. For more information see also the metadata file on bathymetry.

These data sets spans multiple oceanographic, chemical, physical, and geomorphological layers. Bathymetric complexity was captured through broad- and fine-scale Bathymetric Position Indices, along with seafloor depth, slope, and ruggedness. Seafloor characteristics included sediment type* and wave exposure estimates. Water column properties were described using measurements of oxygen, salinity, temperature, pH, and nutrient concentrations (nitrate and phosphate) at both bottom and surface layers, each described by mean values and standard deviations. Stratification were characterized by Secchi depth, mixed layer depth, and sea ice concentration. Productivity was approximated by chlorophyll-a concentration. Surface and subsurface variability in wave conditions and satellite-derived sea surface temperature were also collected. Swedish sediment information published with permission from the Swedish Maritime Authority: Decision 23-06009 (12 Sep 2024). To prepare the layers, we applied a procedure designed to iteratively extrapolate missing values in a raster layer by applying a moving window mean filter. It first aligns the input raster to the target grid (Baltic Sea grid at 250 m resolution) using a specified projection method, then repeatedly fills in missing data based on the mean of neighboring cells within a circular window of user-defined size (2 in this case). This iterative process continues until either all missing values are filled or a predefined number of iterations is reached, with early termination if convergence occurs. This procedure ensures that extrapolation respects the spatial extent of the reference grid and provides progress updates during processing. This metadata covers following predictor layers: Bottom Oxygen (Mean) - Mole concentration of dissolved molecular oxygen in sea water at the bottom (µmol/L) Bottom Oxygen (CV) - Coefficient of variation of dissolved molecular oxygen in sea water at the bottom (%) Bottom Salinity (Mean) - Sea water salinity at seafloor (PSU) Bottom Salinity (CV) - Coefficient of variation of sea water salinity at seafloor (%) Bottom Temperature (Mean) - Sea water potential temperature at seafloor (ºC) Bottom Temperature (CV) - Coefficient of variation of sea water potential temperature at seafloor (%) Broad-Scale Bathymetric Position Index - Bathymetric position index, ratio of average depth within 4 km radius to average depth within 20 km radius (m) Chlorophyll-a (Mean) - Mass concentration of chlorophyll a in sea water (mg/m³) Chlorophyll-a (CV) - Coefficient of variation of mass concentration of chlorophyll a in sea water (%) Coarse substrate - Coarse substrate probability of occurrence (%) Depth attenuated exposure at the seafloor - Depth attenuated exposure at the seafloor Distance from the coastline - Distance from the coastline (m) Distance from the nearest river - Distance from the nearest river (m) Fine-Scale Bathymetric Position Index - Bathymetric position index, ratio of average depth within 500 m radius to average depth within 5 km radius (m) Hard substrate - Hard substrate probability of occurrence (%) Mixed Layer Depth (Mean) - Ocean mixed layer thickness defined by sigma theta (m) Mixed Layer Depth (CV) - Coefficient of variation of ocean mixed layer thickness defined by sigma theta (%) Sand substrate - Sand substrate probability of occurrence (%) Sea Ice Concentration (Mean) - Sea ice fraction (%) Sea Ice Concentration (CV) - Coefficient of variation of sea ice fraction (%) Sea surface height (Mean) - Sea surface height above sea level Sea surface height (CV) - Coefficient of variation of sea surface height above sea level (%) Seafloor Depth - Depth in meters below sea surface (m) Seafloor Rugosity within 3 cell radius - Rugosity within 3 cell radius Seafloor Slope - Steepness of the seafloor slope in degrees (Degrees) Secchi Depth (Mean) - Secchi depth of sea water (m) Secchi Depth (CV) - Coefficient of variation of secchi depth of sea water (%) Soft substrate - Soft substrate probability of occurrence (%) Surface Ammonium (Mean) - Mole concentration of ammonium in sea water (µmol/L) Surface Ammonium (CV) - Coefficient of variation of mole concentration of ammonium in sea water (%) Surface Carbon Dioxide (Mean) - Surface partial pressure of carbon dioxide in sea water (µatm) Surface Carbon Dioxide (CV) - Coefficient of variation of surface partial pressure of carbon dioxide in sea water (%) Surface Nitrate (Mean) - Mole concentration of nitrate in sea water (µmol/L) Surface Nitrate (CV) - Coefficient of variation of mole concentration of nitrate in sea water (%) Surface Oxygen (Mean) - Mole concentration of dissolved molecular oxygen in sea water at the surface (µmol/L) Surface Oxygen (CV) - Coefficient of variation of mole concentration of dissolved molecular oxygen in sea water at the surface (%) Surface pH (Mean) - Sea water pH reported on total scale (pH) Surface pH (CV) - Coefficient of variation of sea water pH reported on total scale (%) Surface Phosphate (Mean) - Mole concentration of phosphate in sea water(µmol/L) Surface Phosphate (CV) - Coefficient of variation of mole concentration of phosphate in sea water (%) Surface Primary Productivity (Mean) - Net primary production of biomass expressed as carbon per unit volume in sea water (mg C/m³/day) Surface Primary Productivity (CV) - Coefficient of variation of net primary production of biomass expressed as carbon per unit volume in sea water (%) Surface Salinity (Mean) - Sea water salinity at surface (PSU) Surface Salinity (CV) - Coefficient of variation of sea water salinity at surface (%) Surface Temperature (Mean) - Sea water potential temperature at surface (ºC) Surface Temperature (CV) - Coefficient of variation of sea water potential temperature at surface (%) Terrain Aspect - Aspect, i.e., direction in which the slope is facing out of 360 degrees (N, S, E, W) Wave Height Max (Mean) - Sea surface wave significant height (m) Wave Height Max (CV) - Coefficient of variation of sea surface wave significant height (%) * Swedish sediment information published with permission from the Swedish Maritime Authority: Decision 23-06009 (12 Sep 2024).