Input data for the Land-Sea Interactions Analytical Module on ReMAP project, created in 2024. Below is further information on datasets applied for the module and original metadata. More information about the module and the project can be found at http://www.geoportal.ulpgc.es/remap/ Input data contains Corine Land Cover 2018, originally available at Copernicus (https://land.copernicus.eu/en/products/corine-land-cover/clc2018).

Summary Baltic Sea Ice Minimum 1960-1964 based on historical weather service observations on sea ice extent in the Baltic Sea Description This dataset was compiled by Finnish Meteorological Institute (http://en.fmi.fi/) based on historical weather service observations (1960-1964) on sea ice extent in the Baltic Sea. The minimum ice extent map displays the area which was covered by ice in every year of the study period. The maps were derived by digitizing existing ice extent maps to picture format and then to GIS shapefiles. Due to this reason the ice extent area should be considered as indicative especially within coastal areas. For further information, see http://www.iceservice.fi/.

The indicator evaluates the status of the soft-bottom macrofauna community above the permanent halocline in the open sea areas of the Baltic Sea. Quantitative thresholds are used to classify the core indicators status in Achieve, Fail or Not assessed. The current assessment result shows good status in most of the evaluated assessment units. The indicator is not used in coastal areas which are assessed by national methods or in areas below the halocline which are assessed using the Oxygen debt indicator. The indicator takes into account the relative proportion of sensitive and tolerant species, as well as species richness and abundance. This dataset displays the result of the indicator in HELCOM Assessment Scale 3 (Division of the Baltic Sea into 17 sub-basins and further division into coastal and off-shore areas), so that the indicator is only applicable in the open sea assessment units. "HELCOM_ID" = HELCOM assessment unit scale 3 ID "country" = Country "level_2" = Name of scale 2 HELCOM assessment unit "level_3" = Name of scale 3 HELCOM assessment unit "area_km2" = "Area (km2)" = Area of HELCOM assessment unit "coastal" = Code of scale 3 HELCOM assessment unit "open_sea" = Name of the open sea area "AULEVEL" = Assessment unit level used for the indicator "Threshold value" = Indicator threshold value "Indicator value" = Value of the indicator "Status" = Status of the indicator (“Achieve”, “Fail” or “Not assessed”) "ConfA" = confidence of classification "ConfT" = Temporal confidence of classification "ConfS" = Spatial confidence of classification "ConfM" = Methodological confidence of classification

This dataset shows the western summer management border for the Baltic Proper population of harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena), valid for May – Oct. This dataset was produced by the EU LIFE+ funded SAMBAH project and shows a proposed western management border for the Baltic Proper harbour porpoise population during May – Oct. The division of the year into two seasons is a result of visual inspection of data and results, showing a clear separation of spatial clusters of harbour porpoises in the summer season May – Oct and a more dispersed pattern with no clear separation in Nov – Apr.

This core indicator evaluates the status of the marine environment based on population trends and abundance of the three species of seals that occur in the Baltic Sea. This dataset is for Ringed seal. Good status is achieved for each species when the abundance of seals in each management unit is at least 10,000 individuals and the species-specific growth rate is achieved. Harbour seals in the southwestern Baltic and the Kattegat form a metapopulation, where subpopulations are genetically connected. The combined sizes of the subpopulations are here used to evaluate the Limit Reference level (LRL). The status evaluation is presented separately for the three seal species. The grey seal in the Baltic proper is evaluated as a single unit, whereas the Kattegat grey seals are evaluated separately. The status of ringed seals is evaluated for two management units. The status of harbour seals is evaluated for three management units. Ringed seal dataset displays the result of the indicator in HELCOM Assessment Scale 2 (Division of the Baltic Sea into 17 sub-basins). Attribute information: "HELCOM_ID" = HELCOM ID of the scale 2 assessment unit "level_2" = Name of the HELCOM scale 2 assessment unit "Assessment" = Name of assessment unity area considered "Area (km2)" = Area of the HELCOM scale 2 assessment unit "Status" = Status of the indicator (“Achieve”, “Fail” or “Not assessed”) "AULEVEL" = Assessment unit level used for the indicator "Unit of indicator" = Unit of indicator (Abundance - Harbour seal / % decrease) "Threshold value" = Threshold value of the indicator "Indicator value" = Indicator value "Info" = Additional information "ConfA" = Confidence of classification "ConfT" = Temporal confidence of classification "ConfS" = Spatial confidence of classification "ConfM" = Methodological confidence of classification

This dataset describes fishing intensity for OT MIX CRU DMF mobile bottom contacting gear in 2013 based on VMS/Log book data processed by ICES Working Group on Spatial Fisheries Data (WGSFD). ICES secretariat collected during 2017 relevant VMS and logbook data for 2009-2016 to produce, as a technical service to HELCOM, updated spatial data layers on fishing intensity/pressure. Improved data quality control checks were implemented. Submitted data across the HELCOM area have improved in quality compared to previous data 2009-2013 published in 2015. Standardized methods were used to produce the requested data layers. The code used to create the data products is available here: https://github.com/ices-eg/wg_WGSFD For further technical information on the advice request, see http://www.ices.dk/sites/pub/Publication%20Reports/Advice/2017/Special_requests/helcom.2017.18.pdf HELCOM secretariat did the following processing to the shapefile provided by ICES: - Conversion to ETRS89LAEA coordinate system - Added feature and attribute "Reported" to display unreported areas. Dataset attribute information: c-square: Unique reference of the c-square polygon Year: Year of fishing activity mid_lat: latitude coordinate of the centroid of c-square inWGS84 decimal degrees mid_lon: longitude coordinate of the centroid of c-square inWGS84 decimal degrees SurfaceSAR: Surface area ratio (Swept area, < 2 cm penetration depth of the gear components) Subsurface: Subsurface area ratio (Swept area, subsurface =>2 cm penetration depth of the gear components) totweight: Total Weight (kg) totvalue: Total value (Euros) Kw Fishing Hours: (Kw*h) Fishing hours: (h) Reported: Yes=Reported data. No= No reported data (area that does not contain effort/intensity value due to lack of reported data). Please note that this dataset was updated (v2) in January 2019, see further details below in the lineage section.

Summary Baltic Sea Ice Maximum 2005-2009 based on weather service observations on sea ice extent in the Baltic Sea from satellite observations. Description This dataset was compiled by Finnish Meteorological Institute (http://en.fmi.fi/) based on weather service observations on sea ice extent in the Baltic Sea from satellite observations (2005-2009). The maximum ice extent map shows the areas which were at least once covered by ice within the study period. The maps were derived by digitizing existing ice extent maps to picture format and then to GIS shapefiles. Due to this reason the ice extent area should be considered as indicative especially within coastal areas. For further information, see http://www.iceservice.fi/.

Observations of Raja clavata were collected from the Baltic Sea area for HELCOM Red List species list. The HELCOM Red List of Baltic Sea species in danger of becoming extinct (2013) is the first threat assessment for Baltic Sea species that covers all marine mammals, fish, birds, macrophytes (aquatic plants), and benthic invertebrates, and follows the Red List criteria of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Almost 2800 species were considered in the Red List assessment and about 1750 were evaluated according to the IUCN Red List criteria. Raja clavata has been placed to the Red List category of Vulnerable (VU) species. The map shows the sub-basins in the HELCOM area where the species is known to occur regularly and to reproduce (HELCOM 2012).

Essential fish habitat (EFH) map on Potential nursery areas for flounders was prepared in PanBalticScope project (co-founded by the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund of the European Union) http://www.panbalticscope.eu/ The two flounder species in the Baltic Sea (Platichthys flesus and P. solemdali) have different reproductive strategies, spawning in the pelagic and in shallow waters, respectively. However, they utilize the same type nursery habitat. For both species, young of the year are found on shallow bottoms from June to September, primarily on sandy substrates. Flounder nursery areas were predicted by a generalized additive model with flounder abundance as response variable and seven map-based predictor variables. The model was based on data from available surveys of juvenile flounder in the Baltic Sea, compiled within the Pan Baltic Scope project (see HELCOM 2018a). To represent the nursery season and the current situation, only results from surveys performed in June-September during 2004-2018 were used, resulting in totally 2,114 samples. All abundance estimates were harmonized to numbers of juvenile flounder per square meter. Values for the predictor variables were extracted for each sampling point in GIS. The following environmental variables were used: salinity, wave exposure, water depth, slope of the bottom, surface temperature, bottom currents, and distance to high probability spawning area for European flounder. Stock: Baltic flounder: ICES subdivisions 26, 28 (East of Gotland and Gulf of Gdansk), and 27, 29-32 (Northern Central Baltic Sea and Northern Baltic Sea). European flounder: ICES subdivisions 22-23 (Belt Sea and the Sound), and 24-25 (West of Bornholm and Southern Central Baltic Sea).). EFH type: Nursery areas Approach: Species distribution modelling Variables and thresholds: High probability nursery areas represent areas with a predicted abundance > 0.03 juvenile flounder/m² based on the applied data sets and model. Potential nursery areas represent predicted abundance levels between 0,0001 and 0,03 juvenile flounder/m². Areas with a predicted abundance < 0.0001 juvenile flounders/m² are defined as not being flounder nursery areas. Quality: Data on juvenile flounder abundances to support the spatial model is missing from Denmark, Germany, Poland and Russia. Predictions are uncertain in these areas, and especially along the south coast of the Baltic Sea. The mix of data from different years, months and gear types may have contributed to increasing the variability in the dataset, even though a relatively high deviance explained by the model (41%) shows that it has predictive power. The spatial resolution of the predictor variables varies between 200 m and 2 km, which gives coarse predictions locally even though values are representative at an overall regional scale. The prediction is limited by a lack of accurate spatial information on surface sediments. Sandy substrates are well known as important flounder nursery habitats. Unfortunately, the only available sediment map on a Baltic Sea wide scale was too inaccurate for shallow waters where juvenile flounder occurs and was therefore excluded from the model. The map on flounder nursery areas does not make assumptions on species identity in any area. Attribute information: Raster value representing no nursery area (0), potential nursery area (0.5) and high probability nursery area (1). -999 indicates No data. References HELCOM (2018a) Outcome of the regional expert workshop on essential fish habitats, organized by Pan Baltic Scope project and HELCOM (HELCOM Pan Baltic Scope EFH WS 1-2018) HELCOM (2018b) HELCOM Map and Data service. Layers: mean slope and bottom currents. https://maps.helcom.fi/website/mapservice/. Accessed March 2019 HELCOM (2020) Essential fish habitats in the Baltic Sea – identification of potential spawning, recruitment and nursery areas. Lehmann, A, W Krauß, and HH Hinrichsen (2002) Effects of remote and local atmospheric forcing on circulation and upwelling in the Baltic Sea. Tellus A 54:299-316

This dataset is built from following Human activities datasets: • https://metadata.helcom.fi/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/3d6bd6f9-72d5-40cf-aaaa-b7c0c18878e3 • https://metadata.helcom.fi/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/41da8e41-d907-419d-8841-f95062d002e7 The game hunting of seabirds data (see separate metadata): The total number of hunted seabirds were averaged over 2016-2021 (number of hunted seabirds / year). The area of the reporting unit was used to calculate the number of hunted seabirds / km2 and the data was converted to 1km x 1km grid. The predator control of seabirds data (see separate metadata): The total number of hunted cormorants were averaged over 2016-2021 (number of hunted cormorants / year). The area of the reporting unit was used to calculate the number of hunted cormorants / km2 and the data was converted to 1km x 1km grid. The two datasets were first separately log transformed and then summed, to get the total value for each grid cell. Zero values were given to all grid cells with no reported seabird hunting activity. The layer was normalized.